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Ulmus minor 'Christine Buisman' : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ulmus minor 'Christine Buisman'
The Field Elm ''Ulmus minor'' 'Christine Buisman' was the first cultivar released by the Dutch elm breeding programme, initiated in response to the less virulent form of Dutch elm disease (DED), ''Ophiostoma ulmi'', which afflicted Europe's elms after the First World War.〔Heybroek, H. M. (1993). The Dutch Elm Breeding Program. In Sticklen & Sherald (Eds.)(1993). ''Dutch Elm Disease Research'', Chapter 3. Springer Verlag, New York, USA〕 'Christine Buisman' was selected from a batch of 390 seedlings grown from seed collected in Madrid by Mrs Van Eeghen, a friend of elm researcher Johanna Westerdijk, in 1929. 〔Morton Arboretum. Ulmus 'Christine Buisman'. ''Elm cultivars checklist''.()〕 Originally identified as ''Ulmus foliacea'' (syn. ''U. minor''), it was later treated as ''Ulmus × hollandica'' by Melville.〔Melville, R. (1978). On the discrimination of species in hybrid swarms with special reference to Ulmus and the nomenclature of U. minor (Mill.) and U. carpinifolia (Gled.). ''Taxon'' 27: 345-351〕 However, more recent research in Belgium using DNA markers has reaffirmed 'Christine Buisman' as a clone of ''U. minor''. 〔Cox, K., Vanden Broeck, A., Vander Mijnsbrugge, K., Buiteveld, J., Collin, E., Heybroek, H. M., Mergeay, J. (2013). Interspecific hybridization and interaction with cultivars affect the genetic variation of Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra in Flanders. ''Tree Genetics & Genomes'' Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2014. 〕 Originally identified as clone No. '24', it showed no symptoms of DED after several artificial inoculations. In later years, minor symptoms were detected on both the motherplant and grafted descendants, but these were considered too insignificant to delay its release to commerce as ''Ulmus'' 'Christine Buisman' in 1937. ==Description==
The tree was deemed to have 'no outstanding ornamental characteristics', being 'broadly pyramidal, but 'irregular' in shape, notably the habit of one or two of the main branches initially growing out almost horizontally for about 1 m before curving upwards to the vertical, while outer branches can be long and pendulous.〔 The foliage is dark green.〔Koller, G. L. & Dirr, M. A. (1979). Street Trees for Home and Municipal Landscapes. ''Arnoldia'' 39-3, p.167, May-June 1979. ()〕〔Photograph of 'Christine Buisman' elm. ().〕
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